If computers are not able to understand the content of web pages it becomes impossible to develop sophisticated solutions to enable the interoperability and integration between systems and applications. More precisely, we can say that an ontology language should be able to express con. Swrl is intended to be the rule language of the semantic web. Representing information using the web ontology language. With the deep research of semantic web, people are more and more concerned with the problem of representing and retrieving information content on the web. Introduction to semantic web ontology languages 5 maher is an instance of the professor class, then in any possible situation it is necessarily true that michael maher is an academic sta. Its primary aim is to bring the expressive and reasoning power of description logic to the semantic web. Owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web. The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Chapter 2 an introduction to the owl web ontology language. The need for knowledge preservation and representation, ontology construction methodology are briefly described. Chapter 2 an introduction to the owl web ontology language jeff heflin lehigh university abstract.
The aim of this chapter is to present the web ontology language owl which can be used to develop semantic web applications that understand information and data on the web. Owl was primarily designed to represent information about categories of. Introduction the owl web ontology language is an international standard for encoding and exchanging ontologies and is designed to support the semantic web. The web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web.
In this introduction, we will use the meaning of ontology as an explicit specification of conceptualization. Web ontology language owl semantics an owl ontology comprises. Owl web ontology language 2 pages, but the contents of web pages are not defined in a way that computers can understand them. Owl 2 ontologies can be used along with information written in rdf. A web interface using tomcat is then created for users to download the individual owl ontologies with or without data, the merged ontology, and the d2rq. Apr 14, 2016 the web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web. If these web sites share and publish the same underlying ontology of the terms they all use, then computer agents can extract and aggregate information from these different sites. For example, suppose several different web sites contain medical information or provide medical ecommerce services. It provides a rich collection of operators for forming concept descriptions. Pdf introduction to web ontology language owl requirements for ontology languages three species of owl syntactic forms of owl owl header class. Ontology in owl and some of its predecessor languages has been successfully used in establishing semantics of text in specific application contexts. This book introduces the subject of ontology, owl, and shows how it can revolutionize the way we use computers. Some of them are based on xml syntax, such as ontology exchange language xol,3 shoe4 which was previously based on html,and ontology markup language oml, 5.
The owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning. The w3c web ontology language owl is a semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. Introduction to semantic web ontology languages department of. A comparative study of ontology building tools in semantic. The owl web ontology language is designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. Abstract the web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. One recent unifying effort in creating the ontology language for the web is the web ontology language owl by the world. The natural acronym for web ontology language would be wol instead of owl. Web ontology language often stylized as owl is a semantic web language that is designed to process and integrate information over the web, making sense of it in a manner similar to human reasoning. This is especially important in regards to the web because it offers the hope of organizing the web by meanings, not just by matching strings of characters. The ontology language layer building on top of rdf schema is used to formally describe the. Pdf owl web ontology language reference ian horrocks.
By adding such metadata, applications handling rdf or owl can interpret the meaning of web resources, and handle resources with similar meanings. This document is also available in these nonnormative formats. In this sense the yellow pages in a phone book is an instantiation of an ontology. As an initial step toward our objective, we introduce prowl, a probabilistic extension to the web ontology language owl. In this chapter we analyse the limitations of rdf schema and derive requirements for a richer web ontology language. Web developers can use metadata, which are described in a resource description framework rdf 9 or the web ontology language owl 10 to specify titles, publishers, meanings, and other semantic roles. Available tools for ontology development are listed.
Model problems in technologies for interoperability. Built on top of rdf, increased interest, future support w3c recommendation represented as triples interoperable and webenabled linking multiple ontologies reuse of existing tools, no proprietary rdbms reasoning is possible. Oct 22, 20 built on top of rdf, increased interest, future support w3c recommendation represented as triples interoperable and webenabled linking multiple ontologies reuse of existing tools, no proprietary rdbms reasoning is possible. To construct an ontology one must have an ontology specification language, of which there are several to choose. Pdf introduction to web ontology language owl requirements for ontology languages three species of owl syntactic forms of owl. Web ontology language owl world wide web consortium.
Oct 27, 2009 the owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning. The language that we will use to serialize the ontology is the most widely used ontology language for computational purposes, being the web ontology language owl. Existing semantic web technologies lack this capability. Ontology languages for the semantic web ontology languages. This language was proposed by the w3c and was designed for publishing, sharing data and automating data understood by computers using ontologies. An ontology language is a mean to specify at an abstract level that is, at a conceptual level what is necessarily true in the domain of interest. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains. Ontologies are used in artificial intelligence, semantic web, software engineering, biomedical information, library science and information architecture as a form of knowledge representation about the world or some part of it. Ontology is created based on information provided by domain experts and forms the basis for creating metadata. Owl ontologies can be used to describe the properties of web resources.
An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology language owl october 23, 2002 elisa f. An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology. Among many ontology languages, the web ontology language owl is the widely accepted as standard for representing and sharing knowledge in the semantic web context. Exercise \\pageindex\ install your ode of choice, if not already done so, and acquaint yourself with the software. Web ontology language owl introduction to ontologies and. The concepts and properties in these traditional ontology. All rules are expressed in terms of owl concepts classes, properties, individuals. The ontology in this sense constrains the intended usage of the terms in ontology as illustrated in the figure in the previous page so that the ontology forms a vocabulary and axioms that can be used to express knowledge base and that can be used for sharing knowledge between. Owl was standardised first in 2004 and a newer version was standardized in 2009, which has fuelled tool development and deployment of ontologies in ontologydriven information systems. University of dublin trinity college introduction to web ontology language owl owen. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, mcguinness and others published owl web ontology languageoverview find, read and cite all the research you need on. Using web ontology language to integrate heterogeneous.
Expressing ontology introduction to ontologies and semantic. An owl ontology describes a domain in terms of classes, properties and individuals and may include rich descriptions of the characteristics of those objects. Although the character owl from winnie the pooh wrote his name wol, the acronym owl was proposed without reference to that character, as an easily pronounced acronym that would yield good logos, suggest wisdom, and honor william a. One of the main tools for this is owl, an ontology computer language. Web, and specialpurposed ontology, such as ebxml that aims to enable enterprises of any size, in any global region, to conduct business using the internet 3.
It is intended to facilitate interpretability among web content using vocabulary and formatting that allows automatic machine processing. An ontology language for the semantic web which is extended from owl 1 and empowered by new features. It proceeded to define owl, the language that is aimed to be the standardised and broadly accepted ontology language of the semantic web. Ontology languages several ontology languages have been developed during the last few years, and they will surely become ontology languages in the context of the semantic web. Representing information using the web ontology language pdf. Existing web languages extended to facilitate content. Chapter 2 an introduction to t he owl web ontology language jeff heflin lehigh university abstract. The web ontology language owl is a language for defining ontologies on the web. As objects, using the wellaccepted techniques of objectoriented analysis and design to capture a model. The concept of the semantic web is that information should be given.
The owl web ontology language for services owls is a language to describe the properties and capabilities of web services in such a way that the descriptions can be interpreted by a computer system in an automated manner. This technical note presents the results of applying the model problem approach to examine the feasibility of using owls to. Our broad objective is to address this shortcoming by developing a bayesian framework for probabilistic ontologies and plausible reasoning services. The w3c owl 2 web ontology language owl is a semantic web. Owl is an ontology language standard for web applications of ontologies the semantic web. Introduction to web ontology language owl trinity college dublin. Pdf owl web ontology languageoverview researchgate. In order to extend the limited expressiveness of rdf schema, a more expressive web ontology language owl has been defined by the world wide web consortium w3c. Swrl includes a highlevel abstract syntax for hornlike rules. Owl is an ontology language designed for the semantic. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of. Ontologies, semantic web, description logics, frames, rdf. The web ontology language owl 2 engineering libretexts. Finally we use an owlbased reasoner racer that provides a sophisticated query language called nrql to retrieve and integrate data from neurondb and cocodat based on the merged ontology.
Owl 2 web ontology language primer world wide web consortium. The web ontology language owl extends rdf and rdfs. Owl was primarily designed to represent information about categories of objects and how. Semantic web aims to make web content more accessible to automated processes adds semantic annotations to web resources ontologies provide vocabulary for annotations terms have well defined meaning owl ontology language based on description logic exploits results of basic research on complexity, reasoning, etc. Owl 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as semantic web documents. An ontology language is a formal language used to encode the ontology. Unfortunately, not everything from rdf can be expressed in dl. Martins one world language knowledge representation project from the 1970s. Owl is a computational logicbased language such that knowledge expressed in owl can be exploited by computer programs, e. Entities are identified using uris to work in a web setting axioms. Web ontology language an overview sciencedirect topics. Xml, rdf and owl are some of the languages which are used to represent ontology. However, owl is used in webindependent applications as well. Pdf web ontology language editors for semantic web a.
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